The Evolution of Fiat Money, Endless War, and the End of History

One topic missing from historians’ analysis of the West’s transition from a physical gold and silver based money system to a fiat money system is the defining events that facilitated and enabled this transition.  One can find no detailed and critical political / historical assessment of this transition, and it would be not for lack of effort.  The transition is always presented as if it is prima facie the refined and evolved state of things that warrants no investigation other than superficial praise followed with dogmatic platitudes.  But has this transition away from the “barbarous relic” money system actually made mankind more refined and evolved, or has it instead plunged mankind into an even more heightened and efficient state of barbarism? 

One encounters additional blank pages when searching for any attempt at correlating the evolution and spread of fiat money to the prevalence and severity of war.  A collective learned silence descends when attempting to identify why it is, as money evolves, that war become more ideological, destructive, widespread, and prolonged.  We are all familiar with the endless adulations describing the global spread of “democracy”, but why is it so many are unwilling converts and it became imperative to spread “democracy” via war and regime change?  And closer to home, as our own nation “evolves” from a Constitutional Republic into pure “democracy”, how is it we as “citizens” feel more and more disenfranchised rather than empowered despite even greater doses of “democracy” at home? 

This essay attempts to identify the defining events that facilitated and enabled the West’s transition to a fiat based money system, examines cause and effect between the evolution of money and the prevalence and severity of war, and binds together money evolution with the history of warfare by demonstrating cause and effect between money’s evolution, the rise and necessity of endless war, and the inevitable transition from “citizens” to subjects.

Physical Money, the Limits of War, and the Ancient World

For centuries following the Dorian Invasion, the Greek peninsula in the context of contemporaneous civilizations was of minor influence.  Limited wars between city states, the rise and fall of tyrants within these city states, a Lawgiver here and there, and a steady outflow of residents to the Mediterranean and Black Sea colonies were the main stories for 600 years until a rich silver deposit was discovered in southern Attica.  The wealth derived from these mines was initially distributed to the citizens and used for the great public building projects we see still standing today.  The flow of silver was also used to not only hold the Persians at bay and confine them to Ionia – and thus preserve Western Civilization as we know it today - but to also purchase slaves to work the silver mines, purchase imported goods, produce manufactured wares for export, commission triremes to transport manufactured wares, and hire highly paid rowers to man the triremes.  Trade and prosperity flourished and the Greek world rose quickly in the context of comparative global civilizations, all due to the abundant supply and liberal distribution of silver.

Then in 483 BC, soon after the discovery of a particularly rich silver deposit, the Athenian archon Themistocles convinced his fellow citizens to commission 200 triremes to fight the Persians and in 479 BC the Greek confederacy defeated Persia once and for all at the Battle of Plataea.  Rid of the Persian menace, fresh off defeating the world’s most formidable military force, and armed with 200 triremes with nothing to do, that silver now went more and more into Athenian empire building throughout the Aegean.  The cycle of conquest funded with silver was set – newly mined silver went into funding expeditions of conquest, tribute was extracted from the vanquished and flowed into Athens, and the combined silver from mined and tribute went to defending the city against jealous rivals and towards mounting even larger expeditions of conquest to extort even more tribute.  That is, until the reliable source of silver from the mines began to run out.

Just as silver mining output went into decline, and the tribute became harder and more expensive to extract, in 415 BC the Athenians made the disastrous decision to invade Syracuse at an eventual loss of 10,000 hoplites, 30,000 oarsmen, and over 100 triremes.  Thousands of captured Athenians held as prisoners of war were ransomed by the Syracusians at great expense to their families and effectively drained nearly all Attica’s surplus financial resources.  Most poor Athenians, unable to raise a ransom, permanently lost heads of household to enslavement and death in the Syracusian quarries.  Revolts from tribute paying vassals immediately followed and tribute dried up, and in 404 BC these accumulating losses saw Athenian empire and Aegean hegemony ceded to Sparta.  Thus when the silver ran low, the empire was lost as limited resources were concentrated more and more on defending against Attica’s immediate neighbors.  And that is the main point– when a nation in the ancient world could no longer fund wars of empire with physical money, it could no longer prosecute wars of empire and thus some form of peace attempted to descend.  It is as if a law of economics was at work and in a sense, the exhaustion of silver supplies was ancient empire’s built-in self-destruct mechanism.

We also learn from ancient Attica between the victories over Persia, to the rise and loss of empire, to its eventual defeat by Philip II and incorporation into the Hellenic League, that as the wealth of Attica rose and then declined, the reason its citizens fought wars changed.  Although the Greek city states are referred to by historians as democracies, of practicality only Greek men of means could participate in government to the extent they could afford the time required to build influence.  The average Greek man had to work and earn a living and had no time for civics until a tyrant needed overthrow or war threatened from outside aggressors.  What we observe before the Persian Wars is a nation of modest means and substantial freedom where citizens fight for kinfolk, land, and shared history with their alternatives being death, confiscation, and enslavement.  This is the nature of defensive war, embodied in that which the Athenian / Spartan coalition fought to defeat the Persians.  As Attica increased silver production and extracted more tribute via empire, we see a change in the reason for fighting war, with war then assuming a mercenary objective for many of its citizens.  Citizens were now incentivized to fight wars of conquest with high pay when there was no immediate threat from outside aggressors and instead of citizen soldiers defending kinfolk, land, and shared history, citizens became hired rowers and hoplite combatants.  Thus, as war transitioned from defensive to offensive as wealth increased, a citizen’s motivation for participating in war transitioned from patriot at the start of empire, to mercenary by choice at peak empire, to mercenary by necessity after the collapse of empire.

Ancient defensive wars continued until the threat was eliminated, the food supplies or health of the combatants were exhausted, or one side was vanquished.  Ancient mercenary war, on the other hand, generally continued so long as there was ample silver.  It was as if silver could conjure armies and armaments at will until it ran out, and then in that instant these same armies and armaments dissolved away.  For a powerful ancient nation that had not been subject to invasion for some time, the mercenary incentive became the primary reason citizens fought wars, as all wars, absent any outside threat, became wars of conquest.  As Attica’s wealth and influence waned between the end of the Peloponnesian War and its defeat at the hands of Macedon, more and more of its citizens turned to mercenary expeditions commanded by whomever was paying.  Eventually many formerly powerful cities were depleted of its fighting fit men and lay open to conquest from outside aggressors and tyrants within.  Combined with sustained decline in silver production and its resulting decline in foreign influence, after the final conquest at the hands of Macedon we find Attica’s transition complete - nearly all wars were henceforth fought by mercenaries on campaigns unrelated to Attica as the resulting collapse in trade due to depleted silver resources left few other means for young men to earn a living. 

When there is total collapse of resources, and then influence, the citizens then become nothing more than mercenaries, and it was these legions that made up the entirety of Alexander’s forces.  But as mercenaries, they fought for pay, in physical money, and maybe for a bit of glory thrown in – but they did not fight for ideals.

Rome’s history initially followed a similar path to that of Attica regarding why its citizens waged war in its early days – immediate enemies necessitated over 450 years of continuous defensive war and civil uprisings to fend off or overthrow foreign rule.  The small state of Latium despite all odds managed to eventually defeat its surrounding aggressors, and when it realized it was a truly formidable fighting force it decided to put an end to outside aggression once and for all.  Thus began a protracted series of conquering wars throughout the Italian peninsula.  But Latium had no silver mines and their system of physical money extraction from the vanquished differed from the Greek system of tribute.  Rome instead integrated its vanquished states and, with the exception of Carthage, granted select families Roman citizenship, contracted many of these families as magistrates to maintain internal order on behalf of Rome, and enacted a system of tax farming on the provincial non-citizens.  It was this system of taxation that played the same role as the silver mines of Attica, and the more territory Rome conquered the more taxes it could collect to embark on further wars of conquest. 

Once Roman territorial expansion had engulfed both Iberia and Anatolia, it controlled the only sources of gold and the richest silver mines in the Mediterranean.  From about 200 BC to 230 AD, this gold and silver, together with ever increasing tax collection from its expanded portfolio of conquered and integrated provinces, funded a standing professional army with career soldiers paid in silver.  Rome had entered its period of “endless war”, funded by supplies of gold and silver obtained from mining, conquest, and taxes.  However, the immense size of the Roman standing army - about 450,000 troops under Severus in 211 AD - and the tremendous cost of endless war guaranteed expenses always exceeded income to the imperial treasury.  So starting around 60 AD the Romans embarked on a policy of currency debasement and pay raises for soldiers that triggered severe price inflation for basic goods and plunged much of the populace into poverty but did not slow the pace of endless war.  The inflation suffered by the people financed the continuous prosecution of endless military campaigns as the only wages that increased in step with Roman inflation were those paid to soldiers.  It was empire regardless of cost at this point.  Mutinies, civil wars, border incursions, and insurrections were now added to the expense of wars of conquest and endless war didn’t end until 410 AD when the Visigoth king Alaric sacked a nearly bankrupt Rome.  But by that time the empire’s boundaries and tax base and mine holdings had shrunk so considerably that Rome could not finance a defense against the German invaders, and thus we see again another example of ancient empire’s self-destruct mechanism at work – the process of building empire depletes the resources of the nation, and the depleted resources preclude securing that empire indefinitely.  Thus all ancient wars of conquest were ultimately futile.

Unlike the early days of Roman conquest, during their period of endless war Rome dropped the property ownership requirement for military service and the ranks were opened up to landless peasants.  We observe in this period a shift in the allegiance of the soldiers away from the state – whereby the state represents the combination of kinfolk, land, and shared history - towards allegiance to the generals who commanded and paid their respective legions.  But as professional soldiers, they fought for pay, in physical silver, held allegiance to the general who paid them, and maybe received a bit of glory thrown in here and there – but they too did not fight for ideals.

Transition to Fiat Money, Constant War, and the Rise of the Freemen

After the wave of German invasions subsided and with their annexation of the Western Roman Empire complete, the conquering Teutonic armies continued the core Roman system of allegiance to the generals.  The state, as embodied in the king and his noble lieutenants, now existed as the means of extorting revenue to wage war so to secure territorial boundaries and prerogative for the ruling class from a wholly disenfranchised populace. 

One major German difference to the deposed Roman system was the elimination of citizenship and the establishment of military service obligations upon a class of peasants who were permanently disenfranchised through heredity.  With citizenship eliminated by the advent of serfdom, nearly all Western Europe’s inhabitants were subjugated and entirely without rights.  These serfs owned little or no property and gained no benefit from existence of the state yet owed taxes and military service to the state.  Thus in early medieval Europe the citizen soldier of the ancient Mediterranean was transformed into a servant soldier, who defended only royal prerogative, by the coercion of military obligation and elimination of property ownership inherent within serfdom.  With no allegiance to this wholly extractive and inimical state, we observe the medieval rise in peasant allegiance to the Catholic Church, replacing the former allegiance to kinfolk, land, and shared history embodied in citizenship with a surrogate “citizenship” comprised of the “righteous” in the “Kingdom of Heaven”.  This marks the beginning of the transition from an outward allegiance to physical things (e.g., kinfolk, land, and shared history) to an inward allegiance towards abstract ideals (e.g., belief, righteousness, piety) and thus lays the collective psychological groundwork for the coming Wars of Ideals in the 18^th through 20^th centuries.

This new relationship between absolute rulers and abject subjects, together with the collapse of intra-European trade, the loss of gold and silver mines, and the cessation of upward mobility significantly reduced the amounts of physical money going into the royal Germanic treasuries across Western Europe.  Although war continued unabated, its scale and severity never reached the intensity and wide distribution of the Roman Empire and these reduced scale conflicts prevented the establishment of vast, lasting empire by the various Germanic sovereigns.  Thus Europe entered a phase of “Balkanization” into petty fiefdoms connected through confederations of language and culture, held loosely together by the descendants of the invading Germanic tribes and the machinations of the new Papal Empire.

But not all was plague, malnutrition, and misery.  The European medieval period saw great technological advances in agricultural production – e.g., three field crop rotation system, ridge and furrow, horse replace ox, the horse collar, iron ploughs and horseshoes, et cetera.  Over the centuries after western Roman collapse, as these improved farming methods spread, a reliable crop surplus was produced and slowly, trade throughout Western Europe revived.  It was this trade revival that underpinned the eventual rise of the class of freemen within the Third Estate, and it was these freemen that built cities throughout formerly rural Western Europe that provided central hubs for the practice of trades, crafts, and commerce.  Fewer serfs were needed to produce agricultural surplus so people began to fill these cities, and we see some freemen transition into rentiers and creditors whereby the physical money derived from rents could support a new form of pseudo-money in the form of credit “produced” independently from the sovereign. 

Along with increasing prosperity of the growing class of Bourgeoisie / Burghers / Borghese and craftsmen rose the increase in the tax base, not only for the state but for the Catholic Church which by the 13^th century had established itself as Europe’s first Federal state as it held taxation jurisdiction via tithes over the entirety of Roman Catholic Europe.  For the first time we observe a multi-tiered taxation system where paying taxes to the state keeps the mortal physical body from going to jail, and paying tithes to the Church keeps the immortal spiritual soul from going to purgatory.  Thus the physical / spiritual duality of rule in Europe is established for future exploitation by the proponents of 19^th and 20^th century ideal based “revolution”. 

It is no coincidence that this period of increased population, trade, and tax take saw the reformation of powerful super-states – Spain, France, Britain, Sweden, and Papal – as the revived flow of taxes in physical gold and silver could once again pay soldiers to fund wars of conquest, put down rebellion, and for the first time since the fall of the Roman Empire, fund the commission of Navies.  Colonial conquest and wealth extraction consolidated this growth and wealth of super-states.

As the wealth generated from proto-industrialization and colonialization grew, the rentier, creditor, and now merchant classes grew to be the wealthiest freemen in Europe, and this class together with other nobles were the core providers of credit to the sovereign needed to fund its wars and growing opulence.  As the sovereign grew to rely more heavily on credit to prosecute these projects of ego, it commissioned proto- central banks within its administration serving to facilitate its credit needs and its needs alone.  Some in this new creditor class began to serve full time as “executives” to the crown forming the genesis of the modern “central banker”.  Royal defaults on its domestic creditors were common, as it was royal prerogative to default, so these nascent central banks had to turn more and more to cross border lending agreements with the nascent central banks of other countries.  Thus by the end of the 18^th century, Europe had “evolved” into another phase of endless “Classical” war but this time, funded not by silver but by credit provided by cross border proto-central banks managed by a nascent “central banker” class drawn from the increasingly wealthy and powerful rentier / creditor / merchant pool that grew to maturity out of the freemen of the medieval period. 

It did not take long for these nascent central bankers to realize the power that the extension or withholding of credit and setting of interest rates granted to those in control of credit.  But if it weren’t for the intervening sovereign, the power this credit held would be tantamount to the power to choose winners and losers in war and opulent society.  The prime example before these nascent central bankers was the conquest, subjugation, and material strip mining of entire overseas civilizations using almost nothing but credit.  So if this model of conquest by credit could work in faraway foreign lands, it could also work on European soil and creditors could, potentially, usurp the sovereign.  But a direct assault on the sovereign would require a large professional army paid in silver, and these nascent central bankers did not yet fully control the royal treasuries.  They needed to create their own army that was paid in credit, and to do that they needed the assistance of the only group that would accept payment in credit – the peasants.

Some description here is warranted regarding the evolution of professional armies in Europe during the transition from medieval to Classical periods.  The ancient mercenary Greek hoplite and Roman centurion were close quarter fighters requiring great strength, training, and endurance.   One’s rank and pay level was directly contingent upon these qualities.  For the most part, this relation between physical strength and pay rate carried into the medieval period up to the advent of cannon – physically fit peasants of fighting age were hired and provisioned as substitutes to fight in place of the wealthy freemen.  As the technology of the instruments of war advanced, many military occupations transitioned into technicians who were increasingly responsible for the maintenance, transport, and operation of cannon, muskets, and siege engines.  Physical strength played less of a factor as weapons technology advanced.  Thus the professional armies of the Classical period were “democratized” and peasants with no special physical attributes comprised the bulk of military campaigns.  And still, these mercenary substitutes held allegiance to the paymaster, and were paid in silver as were their predecessors in antiquity.

This traditional payment in silver was a great obstacle to the nascent central bankers who had eyes on usurping the sovereign.  But as they did not command the amounts of silver required to mount a successful revolt, some other form of payment had to be devised and a new class of soldier created that would fight against his sovereign for this new form of payment.  The democratization of Classical armies left no scarcity of supply of soldiers, but their demands for payment in physical silver did.  Thus enter the series of religious and later, democratic wars that would sweep across Europe as cover for the usurpation of the sovereign by these nascent central bankers.

The Victory of Fiat Money, Endless War, and the Rise of the “Citizen Soldier”

The stage was now set for the victory of fiat money after the series of bloody religious wars that plagued Europe over the 16^th and 17^th centuries.  For the first time some combatants would, at least initially, fight for religious “ideals” rather than pay or feudal obligation and this marks the beginning of the end of the Classical phase of European warfare.  This phase of endless war was funded by ever increasing amounts of silver borrowed on credit which, together with an endless series of tax decrees, initiated severe price inflation, economic depressions, and peasant revolts that became larger and more expensive to quell (on credit).  With both political and economic chaos spreading across Europe, it was at this time its intelligentsia began to espouse the “Universal Rights of Man” which, for its time, was nothing short of extreme radicalism as it demanded an end to the centuries old divine rights of the sovereign over his increasingly taxed subjects.

These tenets of the “Universal Rights of Man” were quickly adopted and championed by the Bourgeoisie / Burghers / Borghese, skilled craftsmen, and lesser nobility as a means to not only elevate their social status, but also to break free from their centuries old and ever increasing taxation and military funding obligations to the sovereign.  The Reformation and subsequent religious wars proved that rebellion could, albeit at an extreme loss of (peasant) life, extricate a people from its taxation obligation to the Papal Empire.  By the latter half of the 18^th century, simmering peasant rebellions began to flare into outright revolution as the “Social Contract” between the sovereign and subject disintegrated, prices for basic necessities skyrocketed due to the increasing taxation and coin debasement needed to fund wars and extreme opulence.  Sovereign default became state policy as by sovereign right, and the creditor class began to suffer heavy losses as the wars had no effect other than spawn new wars and drive the state further into debt, upon which it would eventually default, all while the state court played parlor games and gambled (on credit).

Mounting losses by the creditor class presented an existential threat to this now highly powerful group and put at risk the profitable flow of credit to the merchant class, so near the end of the 18^th century these groups vowed to depose the debtor sovereigns and assume outright control of the nascent central banks and operate the state for the sole purpose of generating profits to themselves through the monopoly of state credit issuance.  But the millennial old condition of raising an army funded with silver was an impossibility, as this not only presented a high probability of suffering staggering losses, but the sovereign, by his rights, could simply decree the provision of credit to rebels as treason and enforce punishment by death.  The answer to the creditors’ monetary dilemma lie in extending these “Universal Rights of Man” to the peasants, and thus framing the obtainment of these “rights” contingent upon successful “revolution” and overthrow of the sovereign.  Therefore, an army could be raised composed primarily of irregular foot soldiers that would fight for “ideals”, not silver, and thereby free up what silver could be raised for the purchase of munitions, the logistics of battle, and professional mercenary officers.  And to create the fervor required to sustain the “revolution” and replace the continual loss of foot soldiers, these “Universal Rights of Man” were elevated to the status of quasi-religion – “Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité”, et cetera.  So what we witness during this period of glorified history is not the emancipation of the people from the chains of sovereign prerogative, but the secret usurpation by the creditor class of the means of operating the state via proxy revolts against the insolvent creditor state and thus, the creditor class gain control of the state through the monopoly issuance or withholding of credit to the state.  This or is important as described below.

It is no coincidence that the establishment of privately owned central banks during the 19^th and 20^th centuries followed after the fall of sovereigns, and it was this creditor class that financed the overthrow of each sovereign.  History’s interpretation of this period is wrong – the primary driver behind these revolutionary centuries was not the rise of the people against the sovereign, but instead was the secret overthrow and usurpation of the sovereign by the creditor class using the people as their proxy army.  The seminal moment where incorporation of a privately owned central bank followed a successful people’s “revolution” was the rise and financing of the professional mercenary officer Napoleon and his establishment of the Bank of France in 1800.  Now for the first time in Europe, we see two rival empires – Great Britain and France - whose privately owned central banks share an overlapping ownership within the great families of European finance – e.g., the Rothschild’s of Paris and London – and share common ownership between those royals sharing lineage on both sides of the English Channel that got out of agricultural feudalism and became creditors.  This overlapping ownership was a great bonanza to the private central banks as nations could now be pitted against one other, war bonds issued by both sides of a conflict, and the price of these bonds manipulated during the prosecution of war by altering its outcome through the issuance or withholding of credit to one side or the other. 

For example, Country A and Country B’s war bonds are issued from each respective private central bank, sold to investors including themselves, and at the beginning of the war are of equal value.  Then Country A is given advantage through the issuance of additional credit, and Country A’s war bonds increase in value as it accumulates victories on the battlefield where Country B’s war bonds decrease in value with every setback.  It is at Country B’s nadir that these same private central banks buy up its war bonds at huge discounts, sell their Country A war bonds at high prices, and then begin to withhold further credit to Country A while issuing large amounts of additional credit to Country B.  The tide of battle eventually turns as the reversed credit flow takes effect, and now Country B’s war bonds, acquired at great discount, begin to appreciate where Country A’s war bonds, sold at high prices, begin to depreciate.  Thus the progression and outcome of war can be controlled by the issuance or withholding of credit and tremendous profits extracted by the shared ownership of both country’s central banks regardless of which country wins or loses.  Thus the early 19^th century now saw incredibly expensive wars of attrition prosecuted not for the purpose of empire building, but instead for the profits derived from the issuance of and trade in war bonds. 

It didn’t take long for the peasants to realize that the promised “Universal Rights of Man” delivered nothing more than conscription, subsistence wages from the growing number of industrialized factories, and yes, taxes.  Some new “ideal” was needed to motivate these peasants and make them a part of “something larger than themselves”, and the answers were found in “democratic” revolution and the labor union movement.  Now, the central banks had an endless pool of young men that would fight for the “ideals” of “democratic enfranchisement” embodied in “citizenship” and these newly minted aspiring “citizen soldiers” would accept fiat money offered in exchange for combat.  Thus, for the first time in history, not only could money be conjured out of thin air, but so too an army that would fight under this notion of “democracy”.  This quasi-religion surrounding the “Universal Rights of Man” matured into full religious zealotry under the banner of “democracy”, and like all religions this “democracy” had to be spread to the infidels through war.  But why?  Because the promise of the “Universal Rights of Man” failed to establish a privately owned central banks within Europe’s key empire – Germany.

The rise of Marxism and the labor union movement in the mid-19th century were put to work by the creditor class to operate where the democratic “citizen soldier” armies proved ineffective against the powerful Prussian professional army.  These “democracy” foot soldiers were not deployed to the rural battlefields but instead to the streets of major industrial cities with the objective to ferment political agitation and societal discord in order to weaken the German state from within prior to “democratic” invasion from without.  The German Wars of Unification and later founding of the state controlled Reichsbank (1876) starts a 70 year interval where the primary objective of western European history is the destruction and overthrow of the powerful and efficient German state with its state controlled central bank, the imposition of “democracy”, and “empowering” the German people to replace the state controlled Reichsbank with a privately owned central bank having similar overlapping ownership structure to those already established.  Thus at the onset of the 20^th century we observe the establishment of truly endless war, funded entirely by fiat money, waged by “citizen soldiers”, and fought on the basis of political “ideology” that has attained the status of religion.

But the German state proved to be an implacable foe.  Through a combination of strategic offensive wars, prudent foreign policy, sound finances, liberal labor reform concessions to the working class, and unparalleled martial ability of its professional army, Germany managed not only to fend off the assault of “democracy” but also to expand its territory and influence and negate the influence of its communist agitators.  And German leadership had a true philosophical vision – the End of History starting with the consolidation of all Germanic peoples under the single rule of the German Emperor.  This meant eventual state control over the privately owned central banks in Great Britain, France, Scandinavia, and the Low Countries and stood as a direct threat to the creditor class’ own growing vision of the “End of History”.

For the creditor class, the solution to this existential crisis was to first establish a reliable overseas creditor of significant means that was not directly threatened by German land based military power and had the ability to create and adsorb large quantities of fiat money.  This financial act of “guarding the rear” resulted in the 1913 Federal Reserve Act in the United States and its transfer of both monetary issuance and policy from the Corporation of the United States to the privately owned Federal Reserve System.  Thus with the Federal Reserve System established and in private ownership hands the flow of credit to the anti-German combatants could be guaranteed despite any opposition of the (primarily) German-American people.  Concurrent with this effort was the consolidation of a nexus of inescapable mutual defense pacts between European countries both with and without private ownership control over their central banks.  This nexus would draw both sides of the central banking ownership split into a war, weaken all countries equally, and leave no major power remaining to contest the outcome.  Thus any “victory” to the Western European creditor class became contingent upon mutually assured destruction of all combatants, but only the privately owned central bank side would be back-stopped by credit issued from the United States to rebuild military capability after hostilities ended.  With both an independent credit supply and mutual defense nexus secured, the final act was to goad Germany via false flag into a super war of attrition – the war to begin all endless war - that would not only completely defeat and enervate the German state, but generate tremendous profits to the New York and London client banks via their financing of hostilities, supply of armaments, and provision of logistic services.  And last, coalition member states that did not yet operate under control of privately owned central banks would be weakened to the point where the communist insurgents could be effective in prosecuting street level “revolutions”, at little cost, and these “revolutions” used to construct an existential threat to “democracy” occupying the position of Anti-Christ within this new politico-religious ideology and require never ending debt financing of military armaments and the excuse needed to conscript large standing armies.

World War I went according to plan with Germany defeated, the last viable Goldmark extracted, economic collapse across the Weimar Republic, and no state owned Reichsbank to thwart the eastward expansion of private central banks.  With martial victory complete but only a bankrupt and worthless now privately owned Reichsbank left to show for their efforts, the creditor class set to devise a second round of wartime wealth “creation” and transfer via Germany through financing the rise and succession of the Nazis, as one could not build a Wehrmacht from stolen wedding rings and extracted gold teeth alone.  Client banks in New York, London, and Stockholm – cities in countries never invaded by the Nazis – showered the new Thousand Year Reich with the international credit facilities needed to buy the massive amounts of steel, copper, lead, zinc, tin, rubber, fuel, et cetera that it did not possess within its own territories, and buy these commodities primarily from countries it would soon face in battle.  From out of both the physical and financial ashes of World War I, between 1933 and 1939 the greatest military power Europe had ever assembled was conjured out of thin air by international fiat money that itself was conjured out of thin air.  Like WWI, this second phase of endless war ended with Germany’s total defeat and absolute destruction, its financial system under complete submission to the victors, huge private profits created and transferred to New York and London, and a new major player on the world stage – the US Dollar.

The end of World War II marked the unequivocal victory of fiat money.  The most significant post-WWII finance shifts were the creditor class giving up on private ownership of the German central bank and the nationalization of both the Bank of England and Bank of France.  The BoE and BoF were insolvent due to their ownership of huge quantities of war bonds that would never be repaid so these losses were dumped onto the British and French taxpayers.  Thus with the BoE and BoF off their hands these same central bankers could focus their attention towards their ownership in the Federal Reserve System and use the United States as their proxy army for the global spread of US Dollar financing.  With the Soviet Empire left battered but intact, the post-WWII world was not only split along political systems and ideology, but was also split along competing fiat money systems – the “Free World” Dollar versus the “Red Menace” Ruble.  The antagonism between these two systems played into the hands of both sides, as each gave the other the excuse to commit vast quantities of national resources towards their respective militaries, expand their international political and intelligence operations, terrorize unaligned countries into both compliance with one system or noncompliance with the other, and commit all manner of atrocity in their politico-religious campaigns to force all countries of the world into one fiat system or the other.  Thus descended upon the world an endless series of overt and covert international wars and coup d’états and rigged elections to progress the urgent spread of “democracy”, denominated in US Dollars, against the spread of the “Red Menace”, denominated in Rubles.  In its simplest analysis, this was the essence of the Cold War – the fight between competing fiat systems for world domination.

The primary post-WWII profit motive for the creditor class came now not so much from the usurpation of state owned central banks but instead from the relentless spread of “democracy” via coercion, subterfuge, and military force throughout the non- and semi-industrialized nations with the installation of pliant and reliable “growth” friendly juntas and regimes.  With international “growth” came accelerated US Dollar financing for the purchase of military hardware and civil infrastructure projects and ever increasing profits from the accompanying “skim” taken in fees, interest, and contract awards to controlled entities.  As these new US Dollar converted countries had no power to issue fiat money of influence and could not print their way out of economic trouble, and as “growth” rarely followed within their own borders but corruption and waste did, mechanisms were established to cover potential losses to the creditor class by expanding the mission of post-WWII extra-governmental financing institutions (IMF, World Bank, Asian Development Bank) to include the “international community” and back-stop all losses with “contributions” from “Free World” taxpayers.  War now was waged not for the profits generated from war bond issuance and trade, but for this zero risk “skim” taken from the spread of “democracy” and facilitation of international “growth” financing.  “Citizen Soldiers” were now not only tasked with risking their lives to impose “democracy”, but also for footing the bill when “democracy” couldn’t pay its tab.

The number one recipient of this international “growth” was the United States itself.  As the holder of the world’s international reserve currency it was insulated from inflationary pressure due to the massive issuance of US Dollar denominated fiat relative to the combined value of its national resources and productive output.  This insulation was effected when the amount of fiat increased, the “value” via inflation of the underlying national resources and productive output denominated in US Dollars also increased and provided an additional layer of “growth” in the United States to be taxed via capital gains and skimmed through mortgage financing.  And as inflation raised this underlying “value” of goods and services, it also raised the “value” of labor inputs to these same goods and services, so wages increased as inflation progressed as money and labor inputs were not yet divorced.  For 25 years post-WWII the United States “citizen” actually saw purchasing power increase with the increasing issuance of fiat money around the world, as inflation was exported to non-US Dollar economies and US Dollars returned to the home country to be re-invested in growing US exports.  This insulation from inflation and increasing purchasing power was, in a sense, the “rights of the victor” granted to the United States “citizen soldier” and was the “carrot before the rod” that secured the blasé indifference to the prosecution of the endless overt and covert wars on foreign soil need to secure US Dollar financing hegemony.  And it all worked until August, 1971.

During the mid- to late 1960s, oil producing countries along with other producers of US Dollar denominated commodities began to return their excess US Dollars and demand their conversion into gold.  Gold outflows from the United States via the US Treasury’s Gold Window soared and became a major problem for US Dollar hegemony as it was this promised gold convertibility – but never expected to be exercised convertibility - that gave the US Dollar its illusory “value”.  As US gold supplies depleted, the US Dollar began to depreciate in purchasing power at home and the domestic standard of living stagnated, as did profits generated by international “growth” to the creditor class.  Thus the late 1960s and early 1970s saw a period of stagnant domestic “growth” via reduced exports combined with domestic inflation fueled by the conversion of US Dollars into gold - stagflation – and the limits of US Dollar denominated international “growth” within the post-WWII model had been reached.  So in response to the cessation of international “growth” in financial profits, the creditor class devised a way out that would generate even greater profits to themselves, but was also the financial self-destruct mechanism that would eventually end US Dollar hegemony and money itself.  This new profit model entirely eliminated gold convertibility and moved the history of money from the fractional reserve fiat system to true fiat – money backed by nothing more than political coercion, military force, and outright fraud.  And this new system would tolerate no opposition – i.e., the Soviet model – as its extreme instability, utter worthlessness, and complete absence of underlying natural economic laws made it highly susceptible to failure.  Thus the competing fiat system – the Soviet system – had to be destroyed and all nations of the world brought under the unipolar suzerainty of the US Dollar.  Welcome to the modern age – the age of endless-endless war waged by the United States in the service of unipolar “Globalism”.

The End of Money, Endless-Endless War, and the Coming Age of Subjugation

The conversion to pure fiat money in August, 1971 was money’s defining moment since it first appeared as electrum coins in 7^th century BC Lydia as this divorced money from any representation of, and true measure of, value.  During its existence, money had gone from value in of its self in the form of coins, to the (progressively fading) representation of value during its fractional reserve paper money phase, to a completely abstract replacement for “value” backed only by future taxation and additional US Dollars “hypothecated” from ever increasing issuance of Treasury bills.  Thus its journey from “barbarous relic” to “refined abstraction” was complete. 

Taxation is the fiat “value”, but future Treasury bill issuance is its hedge since future purchases cannot be guaranteed and may not materialize, and when they don’t materialize that triggers either massive tax increases, national default, or both.  Thus the system either “works” when nations buy Treasury bills, or it implodes spectacularly when they don’t.  To ensure the system “worked”, nations captured by the US Dollar fiat system were “persuaded” to “invest” their US Dollars not in gold but in US Treasury bills through this newly re-routed “virtuous cycle”.  Thus the prosecution of endless-endless war was the failsafe continuously operating to ensure the fiat system “worked” and that nations did not stray to gold or other fiat and thus trigger systemic US Dollar collapse.  War, regime change, US Dollar fiat imposition – lather, rinse repeat. 

Adoption of this new purely fiat money mandated that United States federal debt continually increase ad infinitum as debt was required to maintain operation of the fiat system through ad infinitum issuance of new Treasury bills – i.e., the repatriated US Dollars that went to new Treasury bill issuance always had to exceed the sum of Treasury bill interest and redemption payments.  Any budget surplus now was an indicator that either the tax take was too low or not enough Treasury bills were issued, and if budget surplus arose the system would revert to either higher tax take or new wars to impose more nations under US Dollar fiat.  To safeguard these continually increasing budget deficits through Treasury bill issuance and preservation of the global US Dollar fiat system, in the mid-1970s the United States embarked on a policy of de-industrialization using a combination of regulatory excess and high interest rates that discouraged new capital investments in production at home and drove up the domestic cost base until the laws of economics forced productive capabilities to cheap overseas destinations with little regulatory oversight.  This de-industrialization ensured that when US Dollars arrived home from overseas via the “virtuous cycle”, these dollars, if they did not go to purchase military hardware, went to purchase US Treasury bills instead of US manufactured goods and services.  Therefore de-industrialization ensured no federal budget surplus would ever arise, removed the inflationary cushion that US Dollar fiat provided during the 1950s and 1960s export boom, and guaranteed ever increasing budget deficits would follow in the wake of never ending Treasury bill issuance.  It is this purposeful redirection of US Dollar inflows away from the purchase of manufactured goods and services towards the purchase of Treasury bills that is the core nature of what is today termed “financialization”, as a high volume of these US “virtuous cycle” Dollars returning to purchase manufactured goods and services would starve the US Treasury market and implode the US Dollar fiat system.  Thus the US Dollar fiat system demands the destruction of the US manufacturing export base because Treasury bills, on which fiat survives, cannot tolerate competition from the purchase of US exports no more than it can tolerate competition with another fiat system abroad.

With the removal of the inflation cushion and the imposition of forced de-industrialization, American domestic purchasing power was now locked into a permanent and inescapable downward spiral.  This was driven partly by the fiat system’s hedge component that necessitated ever expanding quantities of federal debt to create the Treasury bill issuance that funded the growing amounts of future interest payments and redemptions.  The other driver was with the removal of a large portion of the US industrial export market, labor began to produce goods of lower value and drifted more towards services whereby wages began to stagnate as they contributed less and less to the combined “value” of underlying US goods and services and wages began to be eclipsed by “financial profits”.  

During frequent periods of economic downturn US Dollars start to purchase gold and threaten the fiat system as gold begins to operate as a transparent and true indicator of value that does not exist in a fiat system and therefore, gold prices rise in all comparisons – e.g., the amount in tons of gold required to purchase the total stock market capitalization, et cetera.  So gold price fixing and outright bailouts when tax confiscation declines as unemployment rises and trade collapses become the norm as lack of value transparency drives underlying systemic instability to the surface.  So at this phase of fiat, bailouts are in reality an extreme measure to suppress the price of gold in US Dollars and thus keep hidden the absence of fiat’s worthlessness as a transparent and true indicator of underlying “value” in anything.

Karl Marx defined money as the “abstraction of undifferentiated social labor” – by this, he saw money as the representation of some unit labor input into goods and services, and thus the price in money for goods and services was equal to the sum of these unit labor inputs along the entire value chain that created and distributed them.  What gave gold its value was the large amounts of labor input to discover, mine, process, and smelt that gold.  Paper money was the mere representation of this value inherent in gold held in reserve, and was a promissory note for its convertibility into gold – a true measure of labor input value.  When money became no longer convertible into gold, labor inputs were removed and it no longer had bearing on the price in money for anything.  Thus the price in paper money for goods and services – e.g., gold and labor – could now be entirely manipulated for the benefit of the creditor class at the expense of the working class and divorce money from any natural laws of economics.  Money had now transformed from its ancient representation of value in of its self into an almost zero cost tool (in unit labor inputs) of potential infinite quantity used to grant political and social privilege and thus, money was transformed from a finance instrument into a political instrument controlled by a new power amalgamation between the creditor and political classes.  Thus it is no surprise that wages measured in constant dollars have not risen since 1973, and when measured relative to a realistic CPI have declined substantially.  This is a direct effect of the creditor / political class, using this newly weaponized money, revoking all privileges formerly granted to the working class and handing these privileges to the corporate class, as the corporate class were now responsible for more and more of the rise in debt financing and tax take needed to support interest payments and redemptions on a never ending deluge of Treasury bill issuance.

To ensure success and control of this new highly unstable form of worthless money, one of the two competing fiat systems first had to be destroyed and a unipolar fiat “world order” imposed on the entirety of the globe.  And like after Bretton Woods, the creditor class turned again to the United States as its proxy army for the prosecution of now endless-endless war in pursuit of infinite “growth” via “nation building” funded with US Dollar fiat money of no underlying value.  To set the groundwork for this phase and the eventual consolidation of political power after fiat collapse, in the 1960s many of the noble families of finance and their high level operatives “magnanimously” answered the call to enter into the unelected realms of politics through funding and ascension into the upper echelons of global extra-governmental agencies and policy formulation think tanks.  These globally focused organizations, after these key placements were effected, began to wield greater political influence on the US Dollar fiat denominated world transacted under the gateway guise of lofty aspirations like “universal peace” and “shared prosperity”, but with the malevolent end objective of eventually usurping the governing power of nations and transferring that power to this newly amalgamated creditor / political class.  This influence was spread internationally using bribes in the form of “foreign aid packages”, “humanitarian aid”, and lucrative extra-governmental sinecures to key second and third world figures so to establish a chain of US military bases across the globe.  Thus through extra-governmental policy “recommendations”, the United States was granted the “moral authority” to prosecute endless-endless global war against the Soviet fiat system and establish and maintain this coming single fiat “world order”, all under the appearance of some kind of reputable extra-governmental “global consensus”.  At the same time, the think tanks and their allies in academia began to ferment social discord in the United States to dilute and discourage political participation by the white working class and foster indifference to creeping extra-governmental influence at home through such things like the manufacture of counter culture, the promotion of drug use and homosexuality, feminism and women’s liberation, the Civil Rights movement, and the concept of “diversity”.

With the American people dazed and confused during the 1970s after hit with everything from a 24/7 televised humiliating retreat from Vietnam to a quintuple in energy prices to Watergate to the introduction of the metric system and rise of disco, the creditor / political class effected a silent transition from the old profit motives embodied in the Korean / Vietnam Wars to the new war motives embodied in the ascendency of the Neo-Conservatives – the “End of History” and total subjugation of humanity.  But rather than cultivate acceptance of a new religious zealotry in support of endless-endless war, the creditor / political class instead formulated a temporary phase of debt based material “success” and exhalation of hedonism that facilitated its plans through mass public indifference to these plans.  While America partied like it was 1999, the US military machine was greatly expanded during “peacetime” and prosecuted multiple overt and covert proxy wars on all continents simultaneously, each of which warranted an equally expensive response from the competing Soviet fiat system.  It was the “moral equivalent of our founding fathers” versus the “Evil Empire” until one side or the other ran out of credibility to its fiat system.  The Soviets succumbed first and suddenly half the world became the political and fiat vacuum necessary for the Neo-Conservative prosecution of the “New World Order”.

With the Russian central bank now secured in private ownership hands and the Chinese appeased with their full seat at the World Trade Organization, the 100 year plan of the creditor class now fell into place and the unipolar world opened up to the full unopposed might of the US military machine.  A wider swath of the globe now lay open for “nation building”, which consisted of privatization of or opaque control over state central banks, proliferation of foreign military bases, technological control of global financial flows, and a flood of US Dollar financing for military hardware and civil infrastructure.  So the time had arrived for the creditor / political class to end the party using the 9/11 false flag - the starting gun for truly endless-endless war and the beginning of the “End of History”.  No further description here is required as all humanity know how this has turned out.

Where Is This All Going?

Like any confidence game or Ponzi scheme, endless “growth” using any form of money cannot be sustained indefinitely, and the creditor / political class knows this and are preparing to unleash the inevitable crash that plunges the globe into an economic dark ages from which they shall rule absolutely and where what amenities remain shall be monopolized to themselves.  We see our expectations for the future being managed downwards, promises of opportunity replaced with visions of “safety”, individualism and self-sufficiency publically scorned as “we are all in this together”, and the inchoate beginnings of the ecological peasant religion of “Climate Change”.  Some review of the philosophical history that got us to this point will suffice.

One reason the 19^th and early 20^th century German state was such an implacable foe to the creditor class and their privately owned central banks was its embrace of the End of History as formulated by Georg Hegel and adopted by the Prussian state and later the German Emperors.  Hegel saw history as a progression of wars with history being the documentation of political struggles between people of different states, and people within states.  Wars and rebellions arose because people existed in states operating without what Hegel termed “objectivity, truth, and ethical life”.  Once the free and noble state emerged and, through its rightful conquest of neighboring states and assimilation of their peoples into this “objectivity, truth, and ethical life”, happiness and human fulfilment would abound, the need for conflict cease, war would no longer be waged, and the documentation of wars and struggles that Hegel defined as history would end, and so the End of History would descend as universal peace and freedom.  Thus Hegel’s version of the End of History placed all societal institutions – including central banks - subsumed to the state, and that precluded a privately owned central bank in a German Empire as this would only serve its owners.  And all Germanic peoples were targeted for eventual assimilation into “objectivity, truth, and ethical life” – Germanic peoples where privately owned central banks already existed.

To combat the German Empire’s vision of “objectivity, truth, and ethical life” a competing version of Hegel’s End of History was formulated by Karl Marx and spread as communism among the German working class and western European intelligentsia.  This co-opted version replaced politics with economics, and cast history as the documentation not of political struggles, but of economic struggles between owners of the means of production, the states that protected their privileges, and the alienated proletariat.  All societal institutions were again to be subsumed to the communist state but this time happiness and human fulfilment would abound and the need for conflict cease et cetera when private ownership of property was abolished and economic equality of outcome was established.

By the end of WWII the privately owned central banks, with their powers to issue or withhold credit and set interest rates, had become the de facto controllers of state, and with the threat of “objectivity, truth, and ethical life” finally eliminated, and communism accepted as a necessary menace to promote the spread of “democracy” and US Dollar financing, the creditor class began to rework both Hegel and Marx.  Thus in the late 1930s, at the University of Chicago and funded by “philanthropic” money from John D. Rockefeller, began the theoretical amalgamation of both Hegel and Marx into a revised “End of History” where most of the world’s inhabitants would fight to the death to establish the suzerainty of the “Philosopher Kings” – i.e., the highest echelon of the creditor class – as the global nobility and the “End of History” would descend when both economic poverty and political subjugation were established equally among men.  So in this new version of the “End of History”, happiness and human fulfilment would abound when there is a complete absence of wealth and total political disenfranchisement among the vast hordes of humanity that somehow managed to survive the catastrophic wars needed to achieve their universal destitution.  This is what is publicly known and overtly referred to today in Neoconservative circles as the “New World Order” – it is the creditor / political class blueprint for their end game – the “End of History” and total world domination with Plato’s versions of a completely static society and “Justice” thrown in.

Key to these machinations of the creditor / political class for their implementation of this revised “End of History” is the elimination of sovereign nations through war, their insolvency resulting from prosecution of endless-endless war, and citizen disenfranchisement via “democracy”.  The endless-endless wars will eventually bankrupt all nations and as they are beholden to their privately owned central banks for their operating funds, these banks can either withhold the issuance of credit or raise interest rates to unsustainable levels that trigger hyper-deflation, social instability, and total economic and national security collapse.  A nation that can no longer fund itself can no longer exist among other nations and will devolve into a failed state and this is how the “New World Order” will progress, one bankrupt nation and IMF / World Bank bailout loan at a time.  The endless-endless wars also have the added benefit of killing a large portion of the young, fighting fit men in a society and thereby eliminate the major threat of opposition and rebellion on the home front.  And the imposition of “democracy”, where maximum participation in “voting” is promoted by enfranchising the likes of illegal aliens, teenagers, the mentally retarded, dementia sufferers, antisocial felons, and all manner of peoples that have no business deciding anything, will eventually result not in increased participation, but in large segments of the population giving up on the political process entirely as their influence is diluted to the point of an exercise in futility.  Thus out of the economic and social chaos of protracted war and national bankruptcy these new voices added to “democracy” will eventually be presented with the “choice” of giving up national sovereignty to the extra-governmental political and financial organizations in exchange for the “stability”, “safety”, and a guaranteed “living wage” provided by these same global extra-governmental organizations that the creditor / political class has been so meticulous to cultivate over these last 60 years.  With sovereignty “suspended” over an apathetic, reactionary, and uneducated public, there will effectively be no more “citizenship” and thus no challenge to the new rule of the “Philosopher Kings”.  Thus we get not only the “End of History”, but the death of citizenship and a return to the subjugation of the medieval period – the “Neo-feudalism” so often mention in current writings.

Plato plays a central role in the imposition of the “End of History”.  Where Hegel and Marx were the “why”, Plato is the “how”.  The core tenant in Platonic thought is his concept of “Justice”, being no more than the natural way of things – e.g., the strong rule over the weak, and the ultimate strength in the Platonic system is logic.  Thus a small group of “Philosopher Kings” represent the highest order of society and rule devoid of empathy and make all decisions based on logic alone, empower decision delivery to the next class level consisting of “enforcers” trained in the martial arts and music that ensure absolute compliance to the decisions of the “Philosopher Kings” by the mass of everyone else that decides nothing.  As this societal structure represents perfect “Justice”, it is immutable and thus the “End of History” ushers in a completely static social hierarchy from which no one can escape.  The creditor / political class in its role as “Philosopher Kings” is thereby ensured its eternal position of rule over the entirety of humanity and is what is represented as the All Seeing Eye, which has nothing to do with omniscience or vigilance, hovering above the base of the pyramid that represents the mass of everyone else under the tyrannical rule of empathy-free logic, universal poverty, and absolute political disenfranchisement.

We are presently nearing the end of a 450 year phase in the motives behind what has become the greatest power in the world – the power to conjure armies out of thin air using credit, the ability to elevate or destroy nations and peoples by the setting of interest rates in one direction or the other, and the ability to vanquish armies by the provision or withholding of credit.  In a fiat system all political decisions not related to the creation and cost of credit are secondary.  But as pure fiat money is now wholly divorced from labor inputs, it is wholly worthless and so profits derived from pure fiat money are illusory as they have no base unit value determinant.  The future of continual fiat debasement is secured not through budget deficits but through the advancement of “efficiency” and increasing prevalence of automation and declining labor inputs into the production of goods and services.  We see “efficiency” now reduce labor inputs to that of building and maintaining robots for manufacture and transport of goods, and when robots build other robots and artificial intelligence makes decisions, labor inputs are removed entirely and the jig is up for money.  What we presently hear about “de-industrialization” is all just fancy talk to describe ever increasing industrial efficiency through automation.  Thus the end of growth and the end of money approaches nearer with each incremental “efficiency” gain, and growth cannot be sustain by profitable endeavors not backed by labor inputs.  Instead, we have the increasing illusion of profit created by continually removing labor inputs until zero labor input is reached and all produced things become truly valueless.    

At the point where money represents zero labor input and has no intrinsic value, it is transformed into a purely political tool, backed now by “enforcers” to ensure it is the only medium of exchange and thus, the coercion of human behavior becomes the new form of “value” in the “New World Order”.  At the “End of History” when technology triumphs and human inputs are no longer required to produce goods and services, the ability to control human action by the distribution or withholding of money becomes the unit measure of “value”.  Thus we see the groundwork being laid for digital “money”, “social credit scores”, the “surveillance state”, and “universal basic income” as the nascent means of coercing mass human behavior as “technology” will be the only thing remaining that possesses some human input and therefore, intrinsic “value”, whether behavior is focused or unfocused.  Here it becomes possible to create a trillion dollar business based solely upon the persuasion and harvesting of human inputs in the form of mouse clicks. 

So at the “End of History”, labor is unnecessary, and as universal “peace” has descended after the conclusion of endless-endless war and total bankruptcy of the fiat system, the “citizen soldier” and “citizen laborer” too become unnecessary.  Thus the “End of History” will bring about both the “End of Citizenship” and the “End of Work”, transform the bulk of humanity into obsolescence, and leave the logical and devoid of empathy “Philosopher Kings” no choice but initiate mass depopulation programs as not doing so would risk the “peace” and potentially start the revival of history.

So when money has no value, generates only illusory profits, and is disbursed by edict to those who are increasingly unnecessary, money has then transformed from the “means to power” to “power in of its self”.  Society then devolves into one where many are not only alienated from the means of production, but now are alienated from not only the means to experiencing a fulfilling existence, but from the means of existence itself.  Endeavors related to the pursuit of profit are removed from the power equation, and with profit motive gone much of human endeavor formerly occupied by tradecraft and commerce becomes meaningless.  At this point there is no more need for the “Philosopher Kings” to stand on pretense, as “power in of itself” becomes their human motivation backed by the perfectly “just” and entirely static societal structure.  When “peace” descends over the “End of History”, the veneer of past civil society that kept some form of balance in check is permanently effaced.  Thus the “End of History” and rise of the “Philosopher Kings” shall usher in an age of unparalleled violence, barbarism, and human meaninglessness that the ever declining numbers of people under empathy-free logical rule will yearn for a return to the days of history and an end to the “End of History”. 

So What Is to Be Done?

Do I think the creditor / political class will achieve their “End of History”?  No.  Do I think the creditor / political class will destroy everyone and everything in their attempt to achieve their “End of History”?  Yes, most definitely.  It all begins to make sense once one accepts that the sole purpose now for the existence of the United States is the never ending global accumulation of US Dollar fiat debt across every sector of every society of every nation so to initiate the simultaneous financial, cultural, and spiritual destruction of all people’s collective will to exist separately as nations. 

We have had the synthesis wrong for far too long because we view synthesis from our own biased perspective towards self.  Once we realize that there really is a small and incredibly powerful and psychopathic group out there that wants to entirely destroy and enslave us, the “End of History” can become synthesis – but it’s their synthesis - and only then can the seeming disconnect between thesis (the world is violent and chaotic) and antithesis (the world is peace and predictable) arising from our bias of self-perspective be joined through their synthesis.  Thus then can what initially appear as stochastic insanity be finally recognized as perfectly logical and purposeful objective.  The siren song of “Globalism” is the creditor / political classes’ first call for initiates willing to embrace their servitude in the “End of History” and help gather up the easily persuaded and put them to work during the next call, which will not be persuasive and will not be aimed at those so willing.  The final call will be for all those who remain uncommitted to get in the boxcars.

The transition from physical money representing a true store of value to that of paper money divorced from labor inputs that represents nothing and is used as a political tool has not made mankind more refined or evolved.  It has instead enabled the ruling creditor / political class to now endlessly wage endless wars of no advantage to its combatants and at zero financial and personal risk to the instigators.  There is no coincidence that “World Wars” began one year after the creation of the Federal Reserve System, and “World Wars” will continue in the form of endless-endless wars so long as the Federal Reserve System or any other global fiat money system exists to conjure armies out of thin air.  Fiat money has enabled endless research into the methods and efficiency of waging war which is at its base level the science of how to kill more and more people using fewer and fewer resources, and this science, when combined with finance, psychology, and biology is more and more successful with every passing year.  Fiat money has reduced citizenship to the levels of unpaid mercenary and tax slave in the pursuit of maximizing global accumulation of US Dollar debt financing.  And, as fiat money is now a political tool, it has corrupted every facet of society leading to the moral collapse of nearly every state and societal institution and, most significantly and by design, declines in the collective will of peoples to exist as separate nations.  Thus it is fiat money that is the barbarous invention, and the gold and silver coinage of old the noble relic.  And most importantly, the creditor / political class that controls the issuance and price of fiat money is the greatest single menace to the people of the world today.

Thus with this realization it becomes clear what needs to be done.  And what needs to be done will not be accomplished peacefully – there is just no other way, for the creditor / political class is like a weed that will not go away until it is pulled out by its roots, burned into ashes, and the soil from whence it grew salted for eternity. 

History is indeed written by the victors.  May our children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren continue to write that history.